Herr Samsa Is Content Essay Example for Free

Herr Samsa Is Content Essay In Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, Gregor Samsa, the main character turns into an insect. Although many would argue that this transformation is literal, I would argue that Kafka uses it as a metaphor or some other form of symbol. If my theory is right, this metaphor is used as a means of portraying the dehumanisation and hence insanity of Gregor Samsa caused by the intense stress and demands of his daily job that he worries about so much. I also believe that Kafka uses the particular case of Gregor to represent a whole generation of workers that all fear the same fate. Herr Samsa, Gregors father, in particular fears this and having seen what he fears most in his son, he becomes violent and aggressive towards him; eventually delivering him a slow, gradual death. To support this argument, we find out that, even before the actual transformation, Gregor behaves strangely with regards to his work; studying train timetables for example. It is for this reason that I have decided to carry on with this idea. With Gregor dying at the end of the novella, I decided to use this metaphor of dehumanisation again and apply it to another one of the workers of the same generation as Gregors his sisters boyfriend that she has found since the Samsa family left their home to start a new life. In order for my adaptation of Kafkas extended metaphor to be successful, I have had to adopt his style of writing, something that is very particular to Kafka. Kafka uses long sentences yet keeps the novella moving at quite a fast pace. This is because he pays great attention to detail and turns each detail into something significant. Despite this, he is not particularly descriptive concerning the settings that he has chosen in Metamorphosis. This has the particular effect of rendering the scenes of Metamorphosis full of action and gripping for the reader. This is what I have tried to apply in my extension of Kafkas fantastic tale. Grete watched her father open the door, pull his feet across the mat, throw his overcoat off his shoulders and drop it on the banister. He took both his daughters shoulders, smiled at her for a moment with an expression that could only be associated with pride and then gently kissed her forehead. He then moved on to the kitchen, Grete in his footsteps. Once there, he placed his hand on his wifes shoulder, squeezed it, asked her what was for supper and, in turn, kissed her. Herr Samsa presently moved to the living room and with a pleasant sigh of relief he settled into an armchair and watched in amusement as Grete gazed fixedly at the clock on the wall counting down the seconds. At precisely five, the doorbell rang and Grete let out a little squeal of delight before glancing sheepishly at her father and rushing off to answer it. The same routine had not changed one bit for the last two months yet Herr Samsa could not complain. He knew that five was the time when he could afford himself the pleasure of watching his daughters face light up, making her even more beautiful; reminding him of the attractive and successful woman she was turning into. He had never been happier. Simple and polite but pleasant conversation came from the kitchen a mixture of questions, exclamations and quiet laughter. Following this, Grete entered with Franz who greeted Herr Samsa with a gentle inclination of his head. Ah! Franz my son! How are you? And how are things at work? asked Herr Samsa. Well, as you know sir, not too well Im afraid. We all have a ridiculous amount of work to get through and I, for one, can hardly cope. The only thing that keeps a smile on my face is the prospect of coming to visit your daughter each evening. Grete looked up at him adoringly and smiled before turning to her father with a face that begged no more talk of work matters. Accepting this, Herr Samsa looked at them both. Very well. Off you go. Thank you, sir replied Franz and he eagerly scuttled behind the beautiful young woman who led him to the parlour. Herr Samsa got up and poured himself a small glass of schnapps and settled back down into the warmth of his armchair. As he let his eyes close, he reflected upon how much better life was now. Even going back to work didnt bother him in the least. He felt healthier and fitter than he had been in a long time and he was now always able to join in with the family walks on Sundays. Franz also came with them. The four of them would walk with their arms linked, talking and laughing with a spring in their step. Thus half an hour passed very happily for Herr Samsa before he was called to join the rest of his family at the dinner table. Grete was rather sullen right throughout the meal. Her usual manner of vigorously attacking her food was not there. Eventually, whilst Gretes mother was in the kitchen, clearing the table, he asked her what the matter was. She dismissed the question with another intense stare at the table so her father thought it best to leave the matter alone. The next evening, the atmosphere at the dinner table was tense once again. Grete insisted on glaring sullenly at her plate. Again, Herr Samsa asked her what the matter was whilst his wife was busy in the kitchen. Once more, she tried to ignore him but this time, her father insisted and she lifted her face, covered in tears, before answering. Hes exhaustedI cant stand it anymorehe puts on a brave facebut with me She desperately tried to control herself but burst into tears. Frau Samsa, who had come back into the room, put her arm round her and encouraged her to go on. Gretes parents watched, bemused and shocked, for this was the first time they had seen her cry since theyd decided to restart their lives. Seeing the discomfort in her parents faces, Grete took a deep breath and started again. He doesnt complain about it but when were alone, he talks about nothing but work, almost as if he doesnt know how to talk about anything else. Just last night, instead of talking to me, he spent two whole hours studying a train timetable! And hes developed a regular twitchspasms every now and then. Hes not reallymy Franzanymore. The following evening, nothing changed. As always, Herr Samsa was met in the hallway by his daughter whom he embraced before making his way to the kitchen, in order to greet his wife. As Grete waited for the clock to approach five, she had the same anxious look on her face. But it faded and was replaced with a frown because as the hands hit five she heard a far-off cry. She glanced at her father but he obviously hadnt heard it and so she continued waiting. She was silently surprised that Franz hadnt turned up yet, despite the fact that it wasnt even a minute past yet. As she continued waiting, now perched on the arm of one of the sofas, she heard another cry, closer this time and it resembled more a scream. Yet again, Herr Samsa had not noticed but he was watching Grete with amusement as she visibly became more and more nervous as the minutes went by. Once again, a scream came from up the road. This time, it was accompanied by the smashing of a window. Grete rushed to the living room window and pressed herself up against the window to see what was going on. The last cry had even managed to reach her father and he too had jumped out of the comfort of his chair to see what was going on. Both wore anxious looks upon their faces and as more shouts of terror approached their house, Frau Samsa joined them from the kitchen, wiping the backs of her hands in her apron as she walked. Wheres Franz? she asked immediately. A look of horror crossed Gretes face as it occurred to her that the angry manifestation outside and Franzs lateness could be linked. She tried desperately to see what was going on through the living room window but the angle wasnt wide enough. A couple of flying stones and an apple came into her field of vision and with that she rushed to the front door with both her parents close behind her. It was as she grabbed the cold brass handle to pull the door open that she realised what this was. She remembered the conversation last night at the table and, sure enough, as she hastily poked her head through the door and looked down the street, she clasped her heart. Franz was there sure enough, scuttling desperately down the street, followed by an angry mob yelling at him in disgust and flinging stones of hatred at him. Before her parents were able to see anything, she ran back in, bolted the door and sunk to the floor. Bibliography à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka, translated by Malcolm Pasley, Penguin, 2000

Solutions to the Growing Bureaucracy :: essays research papers

The overgrowing demand for governmental agencies has grown tremendously since the 18th century. Originally George Washington in 1789 had only three government departments, Treasury, Foreign Affairs, and War. With the end of the Civil War, many problems arose and so did the bureaucracy. In 1870 much of the problems were remedied with the creation of the Department of Justice. Starting in the 19th century the size of the federal executive branch and the bureaucracy expanded as demand for new departments also grew.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the rise of the new national government many Anti-Federalists feared that it had exceeded its desired size. When at one point nine people controlled a department, now hundreds of government employees are appointed to the jobs. The continual downfall of the representation of the people has brought huge controversy over how to accommodate the needs of the people properly. For example, if a farmer has a bad growing season due to a flood or drought, he needs local advice and a loan to help him through a cashless crop season. To help improve this situation local representation should be established.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early days of the telephone there was no competition for phone service providers like there is now. With no competition the phone company (Bell) was able to have a monopoly and run up the prices for a call. The national government would recommend a change in rates but the phone company would take its time with the decision taking days, months, or even years. To change this, the federal government should go after monopolies and allow competition on the local level. By increased competition, it would keep prices at a honest level and keep things market driven which would make for a more creative and competitive environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different ways that Anti-Federalist could make the bureaucracy more responsive to the people.

Business Plan: Anti-bullying dance event Essay

Business concept Discussions initially took place within the team to find the best possible project we would enjoy planning and eventually to execute. After a number of meetings we decided on a dance event and need to identify how that could benefit the student community. We want to promote health, and upon further discussions we thought of the idea to link anti-bullying. Once we were decided on our event we decided the best place to start was with the Student Union and Student Services to identify what is currently done at the university to provide awareness/information to students and lecturers. Whilst there is a place for students to seek advice when they are being bullied none of us where initially aware of this resource, and this seemed the perfect opportunity to raise awareness to benefit the university community. Discussions with Anwar Azari (Support Services Advice and Representation Manager) and Yasmin Bastow (Vice President of Academic Support and Campaigns) took place who were both keen to assist us with the event. This also led us to Peter Lovatt (Psychologist, Dancer and Lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire) and Marcella Wright (Head of Equality) Objectives 1. Raise awareness of anti-bullying 2. To provide students the opportunity to learn about anti-bullying 3. Create awareness of the University of Hertfordshire’s zero tolerance of harassment and bullying 4. A dance event with different tutorials and a short presentation providing students and lecturers from the University to increase their knowledge on bullying, but do something fun whilst learning through linking dancing and anti-bullying. Market Research Approximately 70% of young people experience bulling (Cyber Mentors, 2011). According to Anti-bulling network (2011) bullying can occur at any time regardless of age. At the University of Hertfordshire there is a zero tolerance of harassment and bullying policy (University of Hertfordshire, 2011). Bullying UK (2011) identify that examples of bullying include name calling, damaging someone else’s possession with intent, spreading rumours, threats and intimidation. At least 20 children each year commit suicide because they are being bullied (Cyber Mentors, 2011). Primary research has been carried out to examine the demographics of students and lecturers at the University of Hertfordshire in terms of age and gender, their awareness of anti-bullying and if they would participate in our event and how much they would be capable of paying to join in. (See appendix 1 for the questionnaire and results of the research). Furthermore Dr Peter Lovatt; Psychologist, Dancer and Lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire, uses scientific research to investigate the relationship between dance and health, dance & self-esteem, dance & thinking, dance & hormones, dance & emotion recognition. He works with choreographers to create new dance works which have a psychological basis (Lovatt, 2011) In honour of International Anti-Bullying Day, two schools, David Lloyd George Elementary and Churchill’s Secondary came together to create a message about acceptance and challenge through a flashmob dance in January 2011 (MrDarrenj88, 2011) The customer groups we will be targeting are: 1. University of Hertfordshire students at Hatfield campus 2. University of Hertfordshire lecturers at Hatfield campus Risks we have identified: 1. Breakages to equipment loaned to us for the event such as the projector or sound equipment 2. Health and safety of students, lecturers and the event organisers leading up to the event and during the event 3. Weather impacting on people travelling to the event 4. No one showing up/limited interest from students and lecturers 5. Unavailable venue or equipment 6. Dance societies not being available to assist with our event Reward we have identified from the event: 1. Community awareness of bullying issues and the effects that it can have on other people 2. Creating an atmosphere for conducive learning Measure success of the event 1. Individuals from the University of Hertfordshire take part in our event 2. To ensure that they are not just taking part for ‘free’ we will also ask for feedback to assess their knowledge of bullying straight after the event. Promotion and advertising The key target market for this event is university community; students and lecturers. We plan to promote the event through a number of marketing vehicles which include: Within the university; TV screens in restaurants, notice boards, social media sites linked to the University, Universe newspaper, support from Yasmin and her team in the Student Union, support from Anwar and his team in Students Support Services, and work with the various Schools at the University to provide awareness of the event. Additionally to ensure we provide direct awareness and opportunity for students to ask questions about the event we will distribute flyers to promote the event two weeks prior to our event. Financial cost of anti-bulling dance event The cost for the event has remained zero following discussions and negotiations with the many people we have met with. A summary of the resources required for the event and how they have effectively been funded is specified below: Resource How fund ed 1. Dancers 1. Student Society and in-kind Zumba teacher 1. Audio equipment 1. Media Students 1. Projector 1. Student Union 1. Posters 1. Student Support Services 1. Printing 1. Student Support Services 1. Speakers about bullying 1. Head of Equality 1. Venue 1. Open space in the Forum 1. 1. 1. 1. ________________ References Anti-bulling network (2011) Information. Available from: http://www.antibullying.net/communitymoreinformation.htm [Accessed 1st November 2011] Bullying UK (2011) Anti-bullying Advice. Available from: http://www.bullying.co.uk/advice/anti-bullying-advice [Accessed 1st November 2011] Cyber Mentors (2011) How many people are affected by bullying? Available from: http://cybermentors.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=40 [Accessed 1st November 2011] MrDarrenj88, 2011. Anti-Bullying Flashmob January 2011. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhYyAa0VnyY [Accessed 22nd October 2011] Lovatt, P. (2011) Psychologist & Dancer. Available from http://dancedrdance.com/default.aspx [Accessed 22nd October 2011] University of Hertfordshire (2011) Student Guide to A Safe and Secure Environment. University of Hertfordshire.

The After Math Of A Raised Hand . What Is The Harm Of A

The After Math of a Raised Hand What is the harm of a little physical reinforcement to ensure children know how to properly act in society? This idea of physical reinforcement is also known as corporal punishment and is still present today in southern American states including some Texas school systems. Corporal Punishment is defined as a â€Å"punishment of a physical nature, such as caning, flogging, or beating† however this fails to include the psychological implications of corporal punishment in schools (corporal punishment). The benefits of corporal punishment in the short-run are outweighed by the negative effects the punishment produces evident by the Social learning theory, anti-social behavior results, and development beyond the†¦show more content†¦The conditions to model this violent behavior includes â€Å"attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation† which can be interpreted as the attention to the fact that violence is an adult’s resp onse causes a child to model the behavior of the adults around them resulting in more violence (Bandura). Subconsciously most adults tend to believe that the easiest way to deal with a disobedient child or person is to physically harm. This answer of violence more times than not stems from the anger a student caused in doing wrong. Justification for corporal punishment originates from the past and is often the defense of pro-corporal punishment advocates. Physical punishment can be traced back to ancient times exemplified in Egypt, concerning the slaves that built the pyramids, these deep roots of physical punishment are often referred to as a form of proof that it works. To use Egyptian violence as an example is pushing the envelope of what corporal punishment is today, however the reaction to that punishment is similar because human nature is present in both time periods. Punishment in and of itself is not inheritably detrimental to a person’s development, however in the case of school corporal punishment the extra violent input into a child can produce unintended violence later in life. The result of corporal punishment BanduraShow MoreRelatedEssay on The History of Babylonian Mathematics1569 Words   |  7 Pagesof the year 2000 BC, when invaders were attacking the Sumer kingdom. Sumer was a powerful kingdom in the western part of Asia, and it some what occupied what would become Babylonia. 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The Reasons For Youth Homelessness - 969 Words

Homelessness can sometimes seem like a surreal thing which does not actually happen to real people, or at least not to the people you know. However, statistically speaking, thirty thousand people are homeless on any given night. For every one of these homeless people, three point five people are what is known as ‘hidden homeless’. Commonly referred to as couch surfers, these are people who have no permanent residence, but stay with relatives or friends temporarily. Young people aged sixteen to twenty four are twenty percent of the homeless population. With these high numbers of homelessness right while we are in high school and while pursuing higher education, of course a large majority are also attempting to cope with homelessness. Reasons for youth homelessness can be a wide range of things, and it can be considered an intersectional issue. 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Components of Compensation paid to Employees Essay

A rigorous review of compensation and all its components Compensation is what is paid to an employee, whether in the form of wages, salary or incentives by the employer for a specific amount of time, skill and effort made available by the employee in fulfilling specific job requirements (Biesheuval, 1984). Compensation is important in organisations as it conveys information to an employee about their relative importance to the organisation and provides a scale to identify how much recognition they are receiving for their contribution (Harley and Stephenson, 1992). Compensation shows employees how much they are appreciated and worth. The most important differentiating element between jobs is the effort involved in performing a job†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Free housing in hostels. †¢ Social and recreational services such as a gym. †¢ Company car. †¢ Expense allowance etc †¢ Unemployment insurance has been made compulsory by the law and allows people to have a minimum wage to live on while they are looking for further employment should they become unemployed (Venter, 2003). Other types of compensation are reward programs where employees receive public recognition for their work. E.g., employee of the month competitions or even just receiving acknowledgement in the form of a thank you can boost employee morale (Pierce and Gardner, 2002). This is called intrinsic compensation as it is related directly to the nature of work (Harzing and Van Ruysseveld, 1999). Other forms of intrinsic compensation: †¢ Interesting work †¢ Good career prospects †¢ Corporate image †¢ The role of the external environment Labour market conditions, area wage rates, industry wage rates, government taxes, collective bargaining agreements, and the cost of living are all external factors that need to be taken into account when determining wages (Sherman and Bohlander, 1992). Organisations have little or no control of these factors. A South African specific factor is that due to apartheid many previously disadvantaged races such as Blacks, Coloureds and Indians were excluded from the labour force or under paid. These inequalities need to be addressed in terms of theShow MoreRelatedAssignment1202 Words   |  5 PagesCompensation Management in corporates amp; components of compensation | By Regu Krishnan   Dy. 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Effective working with Indigenous Australian-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Outlines broad and relevant ideas on the foundational aspects of Indigenous Australian Cultures. 2.demonstrate your understanding of how history has impacted on the current health status of Indigenous Australian peoples. 3.Factors and strategies that have been shown to succeed, and which to fail, in working with Indigenous Australian peoples that enhance and promote the health of Indigenous Australian peoples. Answers: Introduction Australia had a combination of mix people and cultures. The Indigenous people Australia are the oldest living cultural history in the world. The main reason for its survival so long is that Indigenous people have the ability and potential to become adjusted to new conditions and to accept the changes over time. The main purpose of this study is to understand the basic foundational knowledge of Australian Indigenous culture and the impacts of the inter-generational factors on Indigenous Australian health. The study also show some of the strategies which are used in order to enhance and promote the health of Indigenous Australian peoples. 1.Foundation of Indigenous Australian cultures both past and present According to Awofeso (2011), the Indigenous people of Australia go back around 50000 year and close to 65000 years. The invasion of European in Australia leads to rapid changes and had a great impact on the ways of their living. There are some factors of Indigenous Australian people in past and present, which shows the diversity of systems that enhance and promote the health of Indigenous Australian peoples: On the basis of Dreaming: Dreaming may be defined as a mythology. The Dreaming gives a basic structure to many of Indigenous cultures with a sense of reality, understanding and interpreting the place of humans of that world. In the past, Indigenous Australian people were completely based on the natural environment. But in the present scenario, Indigenous peoples divide the land into geographical boundaries such as rivers, lakes and mountains. In the past, there were strict rules and regulations for Indigenous communities of Australia which lead to the loss of freedom and liberties of life (Chhokar et al., 2013). Through the dreaming stage, the living conditions of Indigenous Australian peoples come into the contact with the spiritual domain and acquire power from it. The various features of landscape give the real proof and the world creating powers of the Dreaming starts and a rich complex of myths, rituals and objects which bound the humans, spirituals and physical domain together into a single order. On the basis of Kinship: According to Dockery (2011), Kinship refers to the system which describes where a persons fit into the community or not. The basic concepts of the Kinship system in the traditional societies are the identity of the same sex siblings. In other words, this principle refers to people who are belonging to the same sibling line. Under this principle, all the members of the larger communities are categorized under this relationship terms. The Indigenous people of Australia ties, beliefs, values and languages are maintained by the family. For example, if a man marked another man with a specifically kin term he will use the same kin term for his brother. Similarly, a kin term also applied to a woman will also apply to all her sisters. The basic Kinship consist the nuclear family and a social unit. In the old tradition of Australian culture there are various sanctions which affecting the range of marriages options, distribution of responsibilities and rights and these factors were taken as a distinct pattern in the substructure of the Indigenous Australian culture (Downing et al., 2011). On the basis of economic organization: The economic organization of Indigenous Australian culture describes the nomadic life of people. The Indigenous Australian peoples have to be well familiarizing with all the country including their range of movement and hold complete knowledge of the location, distribution and characteristics of its conditions. The capability of the Indigenous peoples to study the ground like a map which enhances their efficiency as hunters to a greater extent. The peoples have the knowledge of resources of the vast areas of the country which was obtained through religion which is jointly related to economic life of Indigenous Australian peoples. The trade and exchange were also important factor which had an impact on Indigenous Australian health. But the nomadic culture of Indigenous peoples allowed no market for the collection of material goods and there were no attempts to control the ownership of objects. The authoritative values of the Indigenous Australian peoples were responsible for the removal of Kinship and religious obligations. 2.Effects of inter-generational factors impact on Indigenous people According to Ens et al. (2012), the European invasions of Indigenous people of Australia have faced the strain which results in loss of culture, land and forced removal of children. The inequality and poverty are the main contemporary factors that have been experienced as a treatment of people. The another factor which have a direct impact on the health of Indigenous Australian culture is the lack of equal access to primary health care and lower standard of health infrastructure in their communities. This inequality in health continuously linked to discrimination. The past Indigenous culture of Australia had a negative effect on the Indigenous peoples health. Racism is the main inter-generational factors which have a major impact on the health of the Indigenous Australian people. Racism creates a barrier as a cause of ill health among the communities. It is needed to create the awareness in the Indigenous Australian community about the health consequences of racism for Indigenous peo ples. The main impacts of racism on the health of Indigenous people of Australia are unfair access of resources that are required for health, unfair exposure to risk factors, involvement in unhealthy activities and physical injury. On the other side, Terra nullius is land which is belonging to no one. The acknowledgement of Terra nullius required a more restrictive notion of territorial title. The Americans were given no theory claim to their land in the absence of centralized government. Only the few Indigenous communities which the European taken as holding the sovereignty over their land was included in the process (Kirmayer et al., 2011). Due to inter-generational factors, they have an impact on health and had an effect on higher rates substance which causes health problems.. The mix combination of socio-economic conditions, unemployment is faced by Indigenous women as they have responsibilities for their children. Thus, inter-generational and historical factors have a negative effect on Indigenous Australian health. 3.Effective strategies adopted for Indigenous Australian people According to Parker (2010), there are some well-developed strategies which are evaluated and showed to succeed in working with Indigenous Australian people. The main purpose of these well-conducted strategies is to enhance and promote the health of Indigenous Australian people. The following strategies are as follows: Indigenous Healing Foundation: According to Pechenkina Anderson (2011), the community based healing strategies by the Indigenous Australian culture have a main aim to enhance and promote the health of Indigenous peoples and provide appropriate training for people in delivering the healing. This was the first initiative which specifically mentions the emotional wellbeing of Indigenous Australians. It specifically describes the policy structure that main focus is to providing the consistent and coordinated approach to mental health. Indigenous Australian social and emotional wellbeing strategy: According to Tsey et al. (2010), the government of Australia initiates four mental health plans to implement a renewal Indigenous social and emotional wellbeing framework. The department of Australian Health and Agency are the main source for the development of the framework and directs its development. This framework provides the various benefits to the Indigenous Australian people values like recognition and respect of human rights, cultural understanding, recognition of centrality of family, recognition of Indigenous strengths. These two strategies are shown to succeed by government in order to enhance and promote the Indigenous Australian health. Human Rights based approach to development cooperation had taken by the government to emphasizes on the key factors of the development of the Indigenous people, involves the participation of the communities and making the strategies in order to empower the engagement of stake holders (White, 2010). Conclusion From this study, it is concluded that the historical factors had a negative impact on the health of Indigenous Australian people. As a result of European invasion, the Indigenous people of Australia have experienced loss of culture, restrictions in freedom and affect the social culture and behavior. To enhance the health of Indigenous Australian people, this study provided some specific strategies and well conducted programs which are evaluated and promote the social and emotional wellbeing. There are various strategies suggested and evaluated in this study like hip hop program, cultural healing program and motivational planning that have been taken to enhance the health of Indigenous people. These strategies promote the health and provide the counseling services to the Indigenous people which have been shown effective in promoting social and emotional welfare. References Awofeso, N. (2011). Racism: a major impediment to optimal Indigenous health and health care in Australia.Australian indigenous health bulletin,vol. 11, no. 3, pg: 1-8. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Dockery, A. M. (2011).Traditional culture and the wellbeing of Indigenous Australians: An analysis of the 2008 NATSISS. Perth: Centre for Labour Market Research, Curtin University. Downing, R., Kowal, E., Paradies, Y. (2011). Indigenous cultural training for health workers in Australia.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,vol. 23, no. 3, pg: 247-257. Ens, E. J., Finlayson, M., Preuss, K., Jackson, S., Holcombe, S. (2012). Australian approaches for managing countryusing Indigenous and non?Indigenous knowledge.Ecological Management Restoration,vol. 13, no. 1, pg: 100-107. Kirmayer, L. J., Dandeneau, S., Marshall, E., Phillips, M. K., Williamson, K. J. (2011). Rethinking resilience from indigenous perspectives.The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,vol. 56, no. 2, pg: 84-91. Parker, R. (2010). Australia's Aboriginal population and mental health.The Journal of nervous and mental disease,vol. 198, no. 1, pg: 3-7. Pechenkina, E., Anderson, I. (2011).Background Paper on Indigenous Australian Higher Education: Trends. Initiatives and Policy Implications. DEEWR. Tsey, K., Whiteside, M., Haswell?Elkins, M., Bainbridge, R., Cadet?James, Y., Wilson, A. (2010). Empowerment and Indigenous Australian health: a synthesis of findings from Family Wellbeing formative research.Health social care in the community,vol. 18, no. 2, pg: 169-179. White, N. (2010). Indigenous Australian womens leadership: Stayinstrong against the post?colonial tide.International Journal of Leadership in Education,vol.13, no. 1, pg: 7-25.